Science Discovery on Ways to Increase Memory

[RobinN]

Seems to me that this sounds a bit like Neurofeedback

Memory Scientists accidentally discovered a technique that could unlock how memory works while conducting an experimental brain surgery on an obese man to suppress his appetite, using the increasingly successful technique of deep-brain stimulation. The man's brain was being stimulated with an electric current sent through electrodes immersed into the brain. Far from losing appetite, the patient experienced a stirring in his memory. He vividly recollected a scene that took place 30 years earlier. More experiments found that his learning power enhanced dramatically when the brain was stimulated.

Scientists are now looking into how the technique can be applied to the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease, which affects 450,000 people in Britain alone. If successful, scientists hope that the new technique can provide a "pacemaker" for the brain.

Andres Lozano, a professor of neurosurgery at the Toronto Western Hospital, Ontario, who is leading the research, endorses that initial results are promising. This is the first time that electric stimulation of the brain has shown to improve memory. They were trying to increase the volume of the memory circuits by intensifying the activity of the brain, Professor Lozano said. Stimulation of memory circuits is more likely to be stored and retained.

The discovery came as a surprise to him and his team, Professor Lozano said. They had been trying to locate the point in the obese man’s brain that controls appetite. All other attempts to control his appetite had failed and brain surgery was the last resort. While the researchers were exploring the hypothalamus, the part of the brain associated with hunger, the man’s memory flooded back. He suddenly recalled a time he spent in a park with friends when he was around 20 years old. He could identify his old girlfriend and other people with identifiable clothes. However he could not decipher what they were saying.

Professor Lozano said that the discovery has wide implications. He is presently developing the technique as a treatment for depression.

http://antiaging-europe.com/lists/221/news.html

[Bernard]

I can't believe that a man would agree to experimental brain surgery to suppress appetite.

That said, I can't see this leading to anything useful. Who wants to submit to experimental brain probing to recall random memories?

[Stacy]

I've been told, and have actually experienced, old memories (even future ones) that just popped into my head out of no where. I had an old Chinese woman tell me once that my memories are not lost. Every single one of them are stored in your brain. It's up to you to find them. Good luck.

[RobinN]

I guess I was reading this as to brain stimulation. Isn't that what neurofeedback does?
I know this guy went for surgery, but the idea is that stimulating areas can bring back locked up memories. When you exercise the parts of the brain with neurofeedback aren't you stimulating it?

No I don't want someone poking or prodding my daughters or my brain... ever.

[Bernard]

I guess I was reading this as to brain stimulation. Isn't that what neurofeedback does? ... When you exercise the parts of the brain with neurofeedback aren't you stimulating it?

Sort of, but there is an important distinction.

EEG neurofeedback does not apply any external energy (electricity, magnetism, etc.) to the brain. The subject in your article was receiving electrical impulses directly into the brain (similar I guess to the RNS system).

EEG neurofeedback merely monitors brain activity (reading brain impulses/waves) and offers some auditory/visual feedback. It's completely on the patient to figure out how to change the brain activity to change/maintain the feedback signal as desired. There is no external stimulous.

Through many sessions, the mental exercise of adapting the brain activity to the desired feedback signal does strengthen new neuronal pathways for a more optimal functioning. It doesn't, however, suddenly release old memories in the fashion indicated in that experiment.

[RobinN]

Thanks for clarifying that. I knew it wasn't an internal application, but I guess I was getting a bit confused on the "stimulation" aspect. I do understand that the EEG reads the brainwaves.
You have made a lot of sense Mr B

[RobinN]

***

"Your memory is a monster, you forget - it doesn't. It simply files
things away. It keeps things for you, or hides things from you - and
summons them to your recall with a will of its own. You think you hae
a memory; but it has you!"

John Irving

[alivenwell]

This looked like a non-invasive method of keeping your memory:

http://www.computerworld.com/action/...9&pageNumber=1

April 2, 2008 (Computerworld) Remember walking in to start your first job out of college? Or that diner you stopped in when you were on a road trip with your friends? The way the sky looked when you made that one perfect ski run, or the song that was playing when your daughter took her first step?


Gordon Bell, a longtime veteran of the IT industry and now principal researcher at Microsoft Corp.'s research arm, is developing a way for everyone to remember those special moments.

Actually, Bell himself wants to remember -- well, everything.

With memories piling up and continually slipping away, Bell is working to capture every moment of his life, so he can store it on his computer -- a Dell laptop with a dual-core processor. He wants the ability to pull up any picture, phone call, e-mail or conversation any time he wants.

The nine-year project, called MyLifeBits, has Bell supplementing his own memory by collecting as much information as he can about his life. He's trying to store a lifetime on his laptop.

For Bell, a key engineer and vice president of research and development at minicomputer pioneer Digital Equipment Corp. for 23 years and later a founder of the Computer History Museum, the effort is about not forgetting, not deleting and holding onto all the bits of your life. In essence, it's about immortality.

"I believe this is the quest for what a personal computer really is," Bell told Computerworld. "It's to capture one's entire life. A personal computer wouldn't be a machine that just sits on my desk. It's a repository. I think of the system as a personal memory. I feel immensely free by having all the information there."

Bell isn't talking about plastering a MySpace or Facebook page with information about the latest cool restaurant he went to or details of a conversation with another industry luminary. For him, recording memories is immensely personal.

"A lot of people put their lives on the Web. I'm not an advocate of that," he said, adding that he thinks revealing too much personal information online can be dangerous. "We're not life loggers because we're not publicly disclosing or talking about ourselves. This was built to be entirely personal, to aid the individual. You will leave a personal legacy -- a record of your life."

The project took seed in the late '90s when Bell decided to scan all of his books, articles, clippings and memos into a digital format. All of his paper records would be transformed. Just as his scanning project got under way, Bell read Bill Gates' book The Road Ahead (Penguin Books, 1996), in which the Microsoft founder wrote about his belief that someday people will be able to record and recall everything they've ever heard or seen.


Gordon Bell"It all just kind of triggered me," said Bell. "How much information do you end up with in your life? If you have it, how much does it cost, and what good is it? That really was the genesis of getting started. I thought it was important to run an experiment for an individual to really do it and see what all is there and how valuable it is."

Bell said he began the scanning effort in 1999, and then in 2001, his friend and Microsoft colleague Jim Gray convinced him that he was going to need a large database that could easily access information. With Gray acting as inspiration and co-conspirator, Bell began storing more and more aspects of his life -- videos of lectures he'd given, CDs, correspondence and an avalanche of photos.

Bell has gone on to collect images of every Web page he has ever visited and television show he has watched. He has also recorded phone conversations, images and audio from conference sessions, and with his e-mail and instant messages.

In 2003, Bell even began wearing a SenseCam, a digital camera designed to automatically take pictures without any user interaction. Created by scientists in Microsoft Research's laboratory in Cambridge, England, the camera hangs around Bell's neck and snaps pictures with a fish-eye lens every 30 seconds or whenever it senses someone approaching.

So far, Bell has stored about 160GB of information about his life, including 100,000 photos. Calculating that he saves about a gigabyte of information every month, he noted that he tries to save only photos of a megabyte or less. Bell figures that he could store everything about his life, from start to finish, using a terabyte of storage.

Microsoft Research's Jim Gemmell and Roger Lueder developed the MyLifeBits software, which uses hyperlinks, fast search, annotations and saved queries. The software can record Web pages and IM transcripts, along with radio and television programs, according to Microsoft.

When Gray disappeared a little more than a year ago, the experience of his loss gave Bell a new perspective on their project. Gray failed to return from a sailboat trip in the Pacific Ocean off of San Francisco.

"We'd all like to see an immortal Jim," said Bell. "All of us have various pieces or an understanding of him. Jim had various theorems and books and metrics he created, so those things will last. But how close can we come to having something that would actually let people see who he was as a person? It's trying to make it more personal."

With such a personal project, the good and the bad parts of his life are being recorded equally. And Bell said that he's just fine with that and that he hasn't fallen victim to any urges to delete something that was painful or might not put him in the best light.

"People worry about that. So far, I have not," he said, laughing. "I tend to leave everything there. There are some things I'm not so happy with, but what the hell? The value is in giving people a full view of what you're all about. There are various unpleasantries that are on there. There are some unpleasant characters that I've been involved with, and it's more, 'Oh, God. I remember that episode or that board meeting.'"

Bell said he backs up his data, which is not encrypted, in the Microsoft Research lab and a copy is taken off-site for safekeeping. As for security, he said his main concerns are around physical security for his laptop. He doesn't travel with it, taking a tablet PC with him instead.

In 20 years, digitizing our memories will be standard procedure, according to Bell. "It's my supplemental memory and brain," he noted. "It's one of my most valuable possessions. I look at this thing and think, 'My whole life is there.'"

[RobinN]

[alivenwell]

Kind of sounds like obsessive compulsive to a certain degree?