MLA
University Of Michigan (1998, November 3). Autism May Be Caused By An
Immune System Response To A Virus. ScienceDaily. Retrieved May 26,
2008, from http://www.sciencedaily.com¬ /releases/1998/10/981031181106.htm
5. Cultured lymphocytes from autistic children and non-autistic
siblings up-regulate heat shock protein RNA in response to thimerosal
challenge.Find More Like This
Authors:
Walker, Stephen J.1 swalker@wfubmc.edu
Segal, Jeffrey
Aschner, Michael2
Source:
NeuroToxicology; Sep2006, Vol. 27 Issue 5, p685-692, 8p
Subject Terms:
*AUTISTIC children
*TOXINS
*AUTISM
*METALS
*TOXICOLOGY
*HEAVY metals -- Physiological effect
*METALLOTHIONEIN
Abstract: There are reports suggesting that some autistic children
are unable to mount an adequate response following exposure to
environmental toxins. This potential deficit, coupled with the
similarity in clinical presentations of autism and some heavy metal
toxicities, has led to the suggestion that heavy metal poisoning
might play a role in the etiology of autism in uniquely susceptible
individuals. Thimerosal, an anti-microbial preservative previously
added routinely to childhood multi-dose vaccines, is composed of
49.6% ethyl mercury. Based on the levels of this toxin that children
receive through routine immunization schedules in the first years of
life, it has been postulated that thimerosal may be a potential
triggering mechanism contributing to autism in susceptible
individuals. One potential risk factor in these individuals may be an
inability to adequately up-regulate metallothionein (MT) biosynthesis
in response to presentation of a heavy metal challenge. To
investigate this hypothesis, cultured lymphocytes (obtained from the
Autism Genetic Resource Exchange, AGRE) from autistic children and
non-autistic siblings were challenged with either 10μM ethyl mercury,
150μM zinc, or fresh media (control). Following the challenge, total
RNA was extracted and used to query "whole genome" DNA microarrays.
Cultured lymphocytes challenged with zinc responded with an
impressive up-regulation of MT transcripts (at least nine different
MTs were over-expressed) while cells challenged with thimerosal
responded by up-regulating numerous heat shock protein transcripts,
but not MTs. Although there were no apparent differences between
autistic and non-autistic sibling responses in this very small
sampling group, the differences in expression profiles between those
cells treated with zinc versus thimerosal were dramatic. Determining
cellular response, at the level of gene expression, has important
implications for the understanding and treatment ... [Copyright 2006
Elsevier]
Copyright of NeuroToxicology is the property of Elsevier
6. An Evaluation of the Effects of Thimerosal on Neurodevelopmental
Disorders Reported Following DTP and Hib Vaccines in Comparison to
DTPH Vaccine in the United States.
Authors:
Geier, David A.1,2
Geier, Mark R.3 mgeier@comcast.net
Source:
Journal of Toxicology & Environmental Health: Part A; Aug2006, Vol.
69 Issue 15, p1481-1495, 15p
Document Type:
Article
Thimerosal is an ethylmercury (49.55% mercury by weight) preservative
historically added to some vaccines. Toxicokinetic studies showed
children in the United States received doses of mercury from
Thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs) in excess of safety guidelines.
In the United States during the 1990s, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis
(DTP) and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines (maximally, 50
μg mercury per joint administration) and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-
Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTPH) vaccines (25 μg mercury per
administration) were given to children in the same childhood
vaccination schedule at 2, 4, 6, and 15-18 mo, so that children
receiving DTP and Hib vaccines may have maximally received an
additional 100 μg more mercury exposure from TCVs than children
administered DTPH vaccines. A case-control epidemiological study of
neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) reported to the Vaccine Adverse
Event Reporting System (VAERS) (online public access version; updated
31 August 2004) following administration of DTP vaccines in
comparison DTPH vaccines manufactured by Lederle Laboratories (Pearl
River, NY) from 1994 through 1998 was undertaken. Significantly
increased odds ratios for autism, speech disorders, mental
retardation, infantile spasms, and thinking abnormalities reported to
VAERS were found following DTP vaccines in comparison to DTPH
vaccines with minimal bias or systematic error. Additional ND
research should be undertaken in the context of evaluating mercury-
associated exposures, especially since in 2005 the Institute of
Medicine issued a report calling into question handling of vaccine
safety data by the National Immunization Program of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
7. Clinical & Experimental Immunology; Nov2005, Vol. 142 Issue 2,
p377-380, 4p
Document Type:
Article
Subject Terms:
*HEPATITIS B -- Vaccination
*HEPATITIS B vaccine
*ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID syndrome
*VACCINATION
*IMMUNOGLOBULINS
Author-Supplied Keywords:
autoimmunity
hepatitis B
NAICS/Industry Codes:
923120 Administration of Public Health Programs
Abstract:
This study was undertaken to evaluate the possible role of hepatitis
B recombinant vaccine inducing the synthesis of IgG and IgM anti-
cardiolipin antibodies (aCL), antibodies against β<sub>2</sub>GPI
(anti-β<sub>2</sub>GPI), lupus anti-coagulant (LA), anti-nuclear
antibodies and antibodies against extractable nuclear antigens (anti-
ENA). The study population consisted of 85 healthy students (63
female, 22 male; mean age 20•8 years), vaccinated with three doses of
recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine. One month after vaccination with
the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine a minority of vaccinated
individuals showed changes in IgG or IgM aCL or anti-β<sub>2</sub>GPI
or LA activity ( P < 0•001). Among subjects in whom changes of IgG
anti-β<sub>2</sub>GPI were observed, a significantly higher number of
increased (8/85) than decreased (2/85) values were found ( P < 0•01).
Analyses of paired data showed that differences in aCL or anti-
β<sub>2</sub>GPI levels before vaccination or 1 month later did not
reach statistical significance. In two people aCL transitorily
reached medium positivity after the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine
with a drop 5 months later. Similar evident anti-β<sub>2</sub>GPI
fluctuation was also observed in one person. Another participant was
initially low positive for IgG anti-β2GPI and the levels were
increasing after vaccination. Two participants became positive for
anti-nuclear antibodies during 6 months' follow-up. There were no sex-
dependent differences in tested antibodies observed and no
associations between levels of aPL and levels of anti-HBV antibodies.
We conclude that HBV can induce aPL, although rarely. In genetically
susceptible individuals or together with some other triggers such
combination might confer the risk of developing a continuous
autoimmune response in an individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
8. Autoimmune hazards of hepatitis B vaccine.
Girard, Marc1 agosgirard@aol.com
Autoimmunity Reviews; Feb2005, Vol. 4 Issue 2, p96-100, 5p
Document Type:
Article
Subject Terms:
*SAFETY
*HEPATITIS B vaccine
*VIRAL vaccines
*EVIDENCE-based medicine
*EPIDEMIOLOGY
Author-Supplied Keywords:
Autoimmunity
Hepatitis B
Molecular mimicry
Vaccination
Abstract:
Abstract: According to Hippocratic tradition, the safety level of a
preventive medicine must be very high, as it is aimed at protecting
people against diseases that they may not contract. This paper points
out that information on the safety of hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) is
biased as compared to classical requirements of evidence-based
medicine (EBM), as exemplified by a documented selectivity in the
presentation or even publication of available clinical or
epidemiological data. Then, a review is made of data suggesting that
HBV is remarkable by the frequency, the severity and the variety of
its complications, some of them probably related to a mechanism of
molecular mimicry leading to demyelinating diseases, and the others
reproducing the spectrum of non-hepatic manifestations of natural
hepatitis B. To be explained, this unusual spectrum of toxicity
requires additional investigations based upon complete release of
available data.
9. 65% Autistic Children Found To Have Mitochondrial Disorder At an American Academy of Neurology meeting last Sunday it was
revealed in a recent research paper, see below, that 65% of children with Austistic Spectrum Disorders assessed were found to have mitochondrial disorder (MtD) and so were always at risk of autism caused by one or more vaccines.
Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS) Defects in Children with Autistic
Spectrum Disorders [IN1-1.004]
John Shoffner, Lauren C. Hyams, Genevieve N. Langley, Atlanta, GA
OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively survey patients with autistic spectrum
disorders that were evaluated clinically for mitochondrial disease
and to
assess the
clinical and laboratory features of this group of patients.
BACKGROUND: Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by
disturbance
in language, perception and socialization. A variety of biochemical,
anatomical and neuroradiographical studies imply a disturbance of
brain energy metabolism in autistic patients. Recent studies confirmed the
previously reported high frequency of biochemical markers of mitochondrial dysfunction, namely hyperlactacidemia and increased lactate/pyruvate ratio, in a significant fraction of 210 autistic patients. (J Autism Dev Disord, 2006.
36:1137)
Although rare, Mecp2 mutations can produce autistic features and the mouse
model has significant mitochondrial defects. (Mol Cell Biol, 2006. 26: 5033)
Additionalgenetic defects associated with mitochondrial dysfunction include
inverted 15q11-13 duplication (Complex III defect) (Ann Neurol, 2003,53,801), A3243G mutation (mitochondrial transfer RNALeucine(UUR) gene, mtDNA depletion (J Pediatr, 2004,144,81), G8363A mutation (mitochondrial transfer RNALysine gene. (J Child
Neurol, 2000,15,357).
DESIGN/METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 37 children with autistic spectrum disorders. Clinical, biochemical, metabolic, and genetic data is
assessed.
RESULTS: Twenty four children (65%) had skeletal muscle OXPHOS
defects: Complex I (16), Complex I and Complex III (5), Complex III (1),
Complex I and Complex IV (2). Thirteen (35%) had normal skeletal muscle OXPHOS enzyme activities for Complexes I-IV. Clinical, metabolic, protein
chemistry, and sequencing of coding regions of the mitochondrial DNA will be reported.
CONCLUSIONS/RELEVANCE: Most children with autistic spectrum disorders
do not have recognizable abnormalities on a broad range of imaging,
metabolic and genetic studies. However, a subset of patients do harbor significant defects in oxidative phosphorylation function. Complex I abnormalities are the most frequently encountered defect. Recognition of these children is important for understanding how genes that produce autistic spectrum disorders impact mitochondrial function. Supported by: Horizon Molecular Medicine.
Category - Neurogenetics and Gene Therapy SubCategory - Other
Sunday, April 13, 2008 2:45 PM
Platform Session: Integrated Neuroscience: Autism (2:00 PM-3:15 PM)
Annual Meeting American Academy of Neurology"
Michael A. Gruttadauria, DC, DACAN
Defeat Autism Now! Clinician
Board Certified Chiropractic Neurology
100 Manetto Hill Road, Suite 106
Plainview, NY 11803
_www.lispectrum.com_ (http://www.lispectrum.com/)
516-470-9525 Office
516-470-9524 Fax
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