From my own person experience, I've never had this happen.
First it was Dilantin, then that didn't seem to work, so they threw me on Dilantin and Lamictal together for a small while while weaning me off the Dilantin slowly. I was on Lamictal for 4 years and had so many breakthroughs, I'm not sure why I was even kept on it, and when I was older, then it was weaning off of Lamictal (awful) and being placed on Keppra.
If a medication didn't work, neurologists I saw never returned to it in my case because it wasn't even helping. Generally they're more likely to try prescribing something new instead.