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Afghanistan's only known pig has been locked in a room, away from visitors to Kabul zoo where it normally grazes beside deer and goats, because people are worried it could infect them with the virus popularly known as swine flu.
The pig is a curiosity in Muslim Afghanistan, where pork and pig products are illegal because they are considered irreligious, and has been in quarantine since Sunday after visitors expressed alarm it could spread the new flu strain.
The World Health Organisation has bowed to international pressure that it was unnecessarily stoking public alarm by raising the threshold required for it to declare a flu pandemic.
Keiji Fukuda, the WHO’s acting assistant director-general, confirmed that the agency would increase its assessment of the H1N1 swine flu virus alert to its highest level, dubbed phase six, only if there were signs of greater severity rather than its broader geographical spread.
His comment came even as the US sharply stepped up preparations for a pandemic by announcing that it would spend $1bn (€713m, £628m) on developing a vaccine to the virus while making clear it had not yet decided on its mass deployment.
The US had held back from criticising the WHO’s pandemic assessment scale, but other countries including the UK, Japan and China all called for a change in its ratings system to address public perceptions.
Margaret Chan, the agency’s director-general, had previously tried to educate the public on its assessment system, by stressing that a pandemic did not have to be deadly and was a technical alert to health agencies to gear up disease preparations and surveillance.
But in her concluding address on Friday to the World Health Assembly, the agency’s annual meeting attended by health ministers, she said: “The decision to declare an influenza pandemic is a responsibility, and a duty, that I take very, very seriously. I will consider all the scientific information available. But I will also consider the fact that science finds its application and its value in serving people. And in serving people, we need their confidence, their comprehension, and their trust.”
Mr Fukuda later told a press conference: “What we are looking for and what we will be looking for is . .. events which signify a really substantial increase in risk of harm to people.”
Amid fears that the virus could return in a more lethal form, Kathleen Sebelius, the US health and human services secretary, said the money would be spent on clinical studies and the commercial-scale production of two potential vaccines.
“Our goal throughout this new H1N1 outbreak has been to stay one step ahead of the virus,” she said. “The actions we are taking today will help us be prepared if a vaccine is needed.”
The Obama administration has also asked Congress for an additional $1.5bn for “pandemic preparedness and response”.
That request, included in a bill funding for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, is set to be approved soon. The US Senate has backed the funding legislation but still must iron out any differences with the House of Representatives.