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Plant Aromatics: Salicylates and Salicylate-Like Aromatics (SLAs)
Of the plant aromatics, we can say with certainty that food chemical intolerant individuals react to the following chemicals:
Salicylates
Natural benzoates
Natural gallates
However, food chemical intolerant individuals appear to react to a diverse range of plant derived aromatic chemicals, not merely to salicylates. This is called cross-reactivity and occurs when chemicals are similar enough in structure that they fire the same receptors in the body. What this range of chemicals have in common is that they exhibit the ability to interfere with arachidonic acid metabolism and prostaglandin production, and a tendency to increase inflammatory leukotriene production through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) I/II and/or the induction of lipoxygenase (LOX). ... Though LOX induction is problematic and
leukotrienes are involved in a number of food chemical intolerance syndromes such as asthma and eczema, COX inhibition in and of itself appears to be problematic too, as prostaglandins are responsible for regulating autonomic neurotransmitters and interact with dopamine in the brain.
Polyphenols that intolerant individuals probably also react to include the following COX inhibitors (not an exhaustive list):
Anthocyanidins
- Cyanidin (cherries, berries)
- Proanthocyanidins (chocolate, broad beans, nuts, wine)
- Delphinidin (berries, wine)
Flavinoids
- Hesperetin (citrus fruits, peppermint)
- Naringenin (citrus fruits)
- Apigenin (parsley, peppermint, thyme, salad vegetables)
- Luteolin (thyme, parsley, peppermint, peppers, rosemary, citrus, leafy green vegetables)
- Isorhamnetin (parsley, dill, chives, onions) Kaempferol (capers, dill, kale)
- Myricetin (parsley, berries, broadbeans, tea, citrus)
- Quercetin (capers, dill, buckwheat, cocoa, onions, peppers, berries)
- Rutin (grapes, buckwheat)
Gallates and catechins
- Catechin (broadbeans, fruits)
- Epigallocatechin (broadbeans, tea)
- Epicatechin (broadbeans, fruit, tea, wine)
- Theaflavin (tea, buckwheat)
- Gallates (tea)
Other polyphenols
- Curcumin (turmeric)
- Tannins (tea, coffee, wine, fruits, wild rice)
Carotinoids
- Beta and alpha carotene
- Lutein/zeaxanthin
Glycoalkaloids (nightshades e.g. potatoes, tomatoes, eggplant, capsicum, tobacco)